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Links:      •  Approaches - Self Test                 •  Approaches (Print Ready)                  •  Approaches Index		Ψ  Operant & Cognitive Approaches - Reinforcers -

     Reinforcement - an act performed to strengthen approved behavior.

     Positive reinforcement - presentation of a stimulus to increase the likelihood that a behavior will occur again.
     Negative reinforcement - removal of a stimulus to increase the likelihood that a behavior will occur again.

     Punishment - an act performed to decrease unapproved behavior.

     Positive punishment - eg. giving a spanking to decrease unapproved behavior.
     Negative punishment - eg. taking away an allowance to decrease unapproved behavior.

              Primary reinforcer: something innately satisfying.
                    Secondary reinforcer: a learned satisfaction.