Note: These questions are part of a larger data base of questions on Module 10 & are selected to represent the type of question you should expect on unit exam three. You can, in fact, expect to see many of these very same questions on that exam. Exam questions, however, may deal with topics not covered in the self tests or in lectures but are discussed in your textbook. You are responsible for the content of your text book plus the content of lectures, interactive activities, & material on the web site. Use these sample questions to test yourself & to practice for the test. 1. Instrumental conditioning is a.k.a. :
2. Those who study cognitive learning claim that learning can take place in an individual:
3. What is described as the idea that behaviors followed by positive consequences are strengthened, while behaviors followed by negative consequences are weakened?
4. Law of effect is to ______ as operant conditioning is to _______.
5. The shaping procedure succeeds or fails depending on:
6. What is the best explanation for a professional football player eating pork every day that a game is scheduled?
7. Classical is to operant as:
8. Reinforcement is to _______, as punishment is to ______.
9. Reinforcers, whether they be positive or negative, have the same effect on behavior, which is to:
10. Kurt & Kyle are out walking. Kurt says, “Hey, I’ve got a pebble in my shoe,” and proceeds to take off his shoe and to remove the pebble. “That feels better,” says Kurt. Kyle believes that Kurts’ behavior of removing the pebble is a ______ because it increases the chance that Kurt will repeat the behavior if another pebble gets in his shoe.
 positive punisher
positive reinforcer
negative reinforcer
unconditioned stimulus
11. The value of a secondary reinforcer is:
12. What refers to removing a reinforcing stimulus after a response that decreases the odds that the response will recur?
Punishment
Latent punishment
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
13. When is continuous reinforcement most appropriate?
only after the conditioning has taken place
when the behavior is an involuntary reflex
when the behavior is a voluntary response
in the initial stages of operant conditioning
14. Partial reinforcement schedules:
15. A _______ refers to a reinforcer occurring only after an unchanging number of responses take place.
16. After a period of extinction, a temporary recovery in rate of responding is called:
extinction
generalization
discrimination
spontaneous performance
17. Which of the following theorists argued that learning involves a mental representation of the environment?
18. “I can see in my mind the layout of the town I visited last summer.” This person is using her ______ of the town.
19. Which of the following theorists argued that learning can take place when someone is watching another person and performs that behavior even when not reinforced?
B. F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Edward Tolman
Wolfgang Koehler
20. The most important conclusion from the Bandura Bobo doll study is that:
we create cognitive maps of dolls
behavior can be modified by simply watching a live model
behavior can be modified throughout negative punishment
behavior can be modified by providing secondary reinforcers
21. “I know and understand this material,” says Rick. His instructor would agree with him. But when it comes time to prove his understanding on the exam, he typically doesn’t do well. This exemplifies the idea of:
shaping
insight learning
a lack of preparedness
the learning-performance distinction
22. The four processes necessary for observational learning are attention, memory, imitation, and ___________.
motivation / desire
generalization
reinforcement
discrimination
23. ______ is a mental process marked by sudden and unexpected solution of a problem.
24. “Ah ha!” is to ______ as reinforcement is to _______.
preparedness; cognitive theory
imprinting; classical conditioning
insight learning; operant conditioning
spontaneous recovery; insight learning
25. A newsletter article has the headline, “Scientists find innate tendency that helps learning.” You realize that the “innate tendency” refers to:
26. Which of the following statements regarding imprinting is not true?
27. A biological tendency found in animals to be able to recognize, attend to, and store certain cues more easily than other cues is called:
28. Time-out is preferable to physical punishment because:
29. The treatment or therapy used to modify problem behavior based on the principles of learning is called
30. Spanking is an example of
negative reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment
time-out
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General Psychology Robert C. Gates 
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A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,